Vietnam is entering a new era of innovation-driven economic growth . With the introduction of Decree No. 180/2025/ND-CP  (effective July 1, 2025), the government has established a clear Public–Private Partnership (PPP) framework  for advancing science, technology, and digital transformation . This landmark regulation aims to combine the State’s strategic vision  with the private sector’s agility and resources , accelerating innovation across industries such as manufacturing,